NeutralAtom Class

A movement-aware neutral-atom architecture with explicit atom transport.

This model captures a neutral-atom device with native single-qubit operations, Rydberg-mediated entangling gates, Z-basis measurement, and a physical move instruction that carries hardware motion constraints. The instruction set includes free virtual RZ rotations, single-qubit SQRT_X and H gates, CZ as the native two-qubit interaction, CNOT with a duration derived from one Rydberg interaction plus two single-qubit operations, and MEAS_Z/MEAS_RESET_Z for readout.

The motion model is exposed through PHYSICAL_MOVE and parameterized by atom spacing, maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and an optional handoff time used when atoms enter or leave an interaction or measurement zone.

References:

  • M. Saffman, T. G. Walker, K. Molmer: Quantum information with Rydberg atoms, arXiv:0909.4777

    1. Bernien, S. Schwartz, A. Keesling, et al.: Probing many-body

      dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator, arXiv:1707.04344

    1. Bluvstein, H. Levine, G. Semeghini, et al.: A quantum processor

      based on coherent transport of entangled atom arrays, arXiv:2112.03923

    1. Tian, W. J. Wee, A. Qu, et al.: Parallel assembly of arbitrary

    defect-free atom arrays with a multi-tweezer algorithm, arXiv:2209.08038

      1. Evered, D. Bluvstein, M. Kalinowski, et al.: High-fidelity

    parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer, arXiv:2304.05420

    1. Wintersperger, F. Dommert, T. Ehmer, et al.: Neutral atom quantum

    computing hardware: performance and end-user perspective, arXiv:2304.14360

    1. Wang, P. Liu, D. B. Tan, et al.: Atomique: A Quantum Compiler for

      Reconfigurable Neutral Atom Arrays, arXiv:2311.15123

    1. Bluvstein, S. J. Evered, A. A. Geim, et al.: Logical quantum

      processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays, arXiv:2312.03982

  • W.-H. Lin, D. B. Tan, J. Cong: Reuse-Aware Compilation for Zoned

    Quantum Architectures Based on Neutral Atoms, arXiv:2411.11784

    1. Savola, A. Paler: ATLAS: Efficient Atom Rearrangement for

    Defect-Free Neutral-Atom Quantum Arrays Under Transport Loss, arXiv:2511.16303

Constructor

NeutralAtom(*, rydberg_time: int = 500, rydberg_error: float = 0.001, one_qubit_time: int = 1000, one_qubit_error: float = 0.0001, measurement_time: int = 10000, measurement_error: float = 0.0001, handoff_time: int = 0, atom_spacing: float = 3.0, max_velocity: float = 0.25, max_acceleration: float = 5000.0, surface_code_two_qubit_time_factor: int = 1, surface_code_one_qubit_time_factor: int = 1)

Parameters

Name Description
rydberg_time
Required

The time (in ns) for native Rydberg-mediated two-qubit interactions.
rydberg_error
Required

The error rate for native two-qubit interactions.
one_qubit_time
Required

The time (in ns) for one-qubit physical gates such as SQRT_X and H.
one_qubit_error
Required

The error rate for one-qubit physical gates.
measurement_time
Required

The time (in ns) for MEAS_Z and MEAS_RESET_Z operations.
measurement_error
Required

The error rate for measurement and measurement-reset operations.
handoff_time
Required

The time (in ns) for each handoff at the boundary of a move operation. The PHYSICAL_MOVE instruction duration is modeled as twice this value.
atom_spacing
Required

The nominal spacing (in microns) between atoms during transport or placement (based on atoms being in storage).
max_velocity
Required

The maximum atom transport velocity (in m/s).
max_acceleration
Required

The maximum atom transport acceleration (in m/s^2).

Keyword-Only Parameters

Name Description
rydberg_time
Default value: 500
rydberg_error
Default value: 0.001
one_qubit_time
Default value: 1000
one_qubit_error
Default value: 0.0001
measurement_time
Default value: 10000
measurement_error
Default value: 0.0001
handoff_time
Default value: 0
atom_spacing
Default value: 3.0
max_velocity
Default value: 0.25
max_acceleration
Default value: 5000.0
surface_code_two_qubit_time_factor
Default value: 1
surface_code_one_qubit_time_factor
Default value: 1

Methods

provided_isa

provided_isa 

provided_isa(ctx: ISAContext) -> ISA

Parameters

Name Description
ctx
Required

Attributes

atom_spacing 

atom_spacing: float = 3.0

handoff_time 

handoff_time: int = 0

max_acceleration 

max_acceleration: float = 5000.0

max_velocity 

max_velocity: float = 0.25

measurement_error 

measurement_error: float = 0.0001

measurement_time 

measurement_time: int = 10000

one_qubit_error 

one_qubit_error: float = 0.0001

one_qubit_time 

one_qubit_time: int = 1000

rydberg_error 

rydberg_error: float = 0.001

rydberg_time 

rydberg_time: int = 500

surface_code_one_qubit_time_factor 

surface_code_one_qubit_time_factor: int = 1

surface_code_two_qubit_time_factor 

surface_code_two_qubit_time_factor: int = 1